Europe’s creative economy has been decimated by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Venues remain closed, productions postponed and advertising revenues have plummeted.

But 2019 was a different story. Cultural and creative industries (CCIs) represented some of Europe’s biggest employers, some of its most diverse and fast-growing sectors, and a major contributor to European GDP. The balance of trade in culture posted a net surplus of €8.6 billion in 2019.

Read the executive summary and the full study here.